Perinatal Outcomes and Risk Factors of Turkish Adolescent Mothers

Abstract 

Study Objective

Adolescent pregnancy is considered a high risk for both the mother and infant. The aim of this study was to determine obstetric and neonatal outcomes and risk factors in adolescent pregnant women and to compare perinatal outcomes among the teen age groups and between adolescent and adult women.

Design

Retrospective study including adolescent pregnant women and adult women.

Setting

A public maternal hospital.

Main Outcome Measures

This retrospective cohort study included 945 teenagers who gave birth at year 2004 in a maternity hospital in Izmir. Dependent variables included perinatal and maternal outcomes. Independent variables were miscellanous socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric complications. Chi-square, Fisher exact test, and t-tests were used for the comparison of the adolescent group and adult women.

Results

Overall, adolescents accounted for 11.8% of all deliveries in hospital. 99.7% of teenagers were unemployed, and 59.8% of those had no health insurance. 81.5% of the pregnant adolescents were nulliparous. 27.5% of teenagers gave birth by cesarean delivery. The rates of preterm birth and low birthweight of teen mothers were 18.2% and 12.1%, respectively. Twenty-eight percent of women had some obstetric and neonatal complications. The rate of preterm delivery was higher in adolescent mothers; however, cesarean delivery rate was higher in adult women (P = 0.000, P = 0.0002 respectively). Absence of health insurance, less education, and non-official marriage were significantly higher in pregnant women aged 17 years or younger compared with women aged 18–19 years (for all, P = 0.000). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the adolescent age groups regarding perinatal complications.

Conclusion

The rates of pregnancy and the rates of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes were considerably higher in teenagers.

Key Words: Adolescent pregnancy, Prevalence and risk factors, Perinatal outcomes