Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Volume 20, Issue 5 , Pages 289-292 , October 2007

Bacterial Colonization In Suspected Sexually Abused Children

  • Petra Kohlberger, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Petra Kohlberger, MD, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna
    • ,
  • Dagmar Bancher-Todesca, MD

References 

  1. National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect (NCCAN) . Child sexual abuse: incest, assault and exploitation. Special report. Washington, HEW: Children's Bureau; 1978;
  2. Adams JA, Harper K, Knudson S, et al. Examination findings in legally confirmed child sexual abuse: It's normal to be normal. Pediatrics. 1994;94:310
  3. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. Guidelines for the evaluation of sexual abuse of children: subject review. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. Pediatrics. 1999;103:186
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Workowski KA, Berman SM. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2006. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55:1
  5. Spiegel CA. Bacterial vaginosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1991;4:485
  6. Hammerschlag MR, Cummings M, Doraiswamy B, et al. Nonspecific vaginitis following sexual abuse in children. Pediatrics. 1985;75:1028
  7. Hammerschlag MR, Doraiswamy B, Cox P, et al. Colonization of sexually abused children with genital mycoplasmas. Sex Transm Dis. 1987;14:23
  8. Hammerschlag MR, Alpert S, Rosner I, et al. Microbiology of the vagina in children: normal and potentially pathogenic organisms. Pediatrics. 1978;62:57
  9. Hammerschlag MR, Alpert S, Onderdonk AB, et al. Anaerobic microflora of the vagina in children. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1978;131:853
  10. Bartley DL, Morgan L, Rimsza ME. Gardnerella vaginalis in prepubertal girls. Am J Dis Child. 1987;141:1014
  11. Muram D. Classification of genital findings in prepubertal girls who are victims of sexual abuse. Adolesc Pediatr Gynecol. 1988;2:149
  12. Adams JA, Harper K, Knudson S. A proposed system for the classification of anogenital findings in children with suspected sexual abuse. Adolesc Pediatr Gynecol. 1999;5:73
  13. Ingram DL, Everett D, Lyna PR, et al. Epidemiology of adult sexually transmitted disease agents in children being evaluated for sexual abuse. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1992;11:945
  14. Siegel RM, Schubert CJ, Meyers PA, et al. The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in children and adolescents evaluated for sexual abuse in Cincinnati: rationale for limited STD testing in prepubertal girls. Pediatrics. 1995;96:1090
  15. Muram D. Child sexual abuse. In:  Sanfilippo JS,  Muram D,  Dewhurst J,  Lee PA editor. Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2001;p. 399–414
  16. McCann J, Voris J, Simon M. Genital injuries resulting from sexual abuse: a longitudinal study. Pediatrics. 1992;89:307
  17. Schwarcz SK, Whittington WL. Sexual assault and sexually transmitted diseases: Detection and management in adults and children. Rev Infect Dis. 1990;12:S682
  18. Argent AC, Lachman PI. Sexually transmitted diseases in children and evidence of sexual abuse. Child Abuse Negl. 1995;19:1303
  19. Schwebke JR, Hillier SL, Sobel JD, et al. Validity of the vaginal gram stain for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;88:573
  20. Hammerschlag MR. The transmissibility of sexually transmitted diseases in sexually abused children. Child Abuse Negl. 1998;22:623

PII: S1083-3188(06)00337-8

doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2006.11.004

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Volume 20, Issue 5 , Pages 289-292 , October 2007

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