Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Volume 20, Issue 6 , Pages 333-338 , December 2007

A Psychosexual Follow-Up Study of Patients with Mixed or Partial Gonadal Dysgenesis

  • Maria Szarras-Czapnik, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Endocrinology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
    • ,
  • Zbigniew Lew-Starowicz, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • The Faculty of Rehabilitation, Academy of Sports Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
    • ,
  • Kenneth J. Zucker, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Gender Identity Service, Child, Youth, and Family Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Kenneth J. Zucker, PhD, Gender Identity Service, Child, Youth, and Family Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada

References 

  1. Meyer-Bahlburg HFL. Introduction: gender dysphoria and gender change in persons with intersexuality. Arch Sex Behav. 2005;34:371
  2. Zucker KJ. Intersexuality and gender identity differentiation. Annu Rev Sex Res. 1999;10:1
  3. Mazur T. Gender dysphoria and gender change in androgen insensitivity or micropenis. Arch Sex Behav. 2005;34:411
  4. Forest MG. Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of sexual development. In:  DeGroot LJ editors. Endocrinology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1995;p. 1901–1937
  5. Josso N. The undervirilized male child: endocrine aspects. BJU Int. 2004;93(Suppl 3):3
  6. Forest MG, Cathiard AM, Bertrand JA. Evidence of testicular activity in early infancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1973;37:148
  7. Grant DB, Laurance BM, Atherden SM. HCG stimulation test in children with abnormal sexual development. Arch Dis Child. 1976;51:596
  8. Szarras-Czapnik M, Skawiński W. HCG stimulation test in prepubertal children with abnormal sexual development. Ann Diagn Pediatr Path. 1997;1:173
  9. Swaab DF. Sexual differentiation of the human brain: relevance for gender identity, transsexualism and sexual orientation. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2004;19:301
  10. Kula K, Słowikowska-Hilczer J. Consequences of disturbed sex-hormones action in the central nervous system: behavioral, anatomical and functional changes. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2003;3:19
  11. LeVay S. A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men. Science. 1991;253:1034
  12. Swaab DF, Gooren LJG, Hofman MA. The human hypothalamus in relation to gender and sexual orientation. Prog Brain Res. 1992;93:205
  13. Kruijver FPM, Fernandez-Guasti M, Fodor M, et al. Sex differences in androgen receptors of the human mammillary bodies are related to endocrine status rather than to sexual orientation or transsexuality. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:818
  14. Gooren LJG. Normal and abnormal sexual differentiation: from genes to patient: psychological consequences. Semin Reprod Med. 2002;20:285
  15. Thomas DFM. Gender assignment: background and current controversies. BJU Int. 2004;93(Suppl 3):47
  16. Cohen-Bendahan CCC, van de Beek C, Berenbaum SA. Prenatal sex hormone effects on child and adult sex-typed behavior: methods and findings. Neurosc Biobehav Rev. 2005;29:353
  17. Dessens AB, Slijper FME, Drop SLS. Gender dysphoria and gender change in chromosomal females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Arch Sex Behav. 2005;34:389
  18. Birnbacher R, Marberger M, Weissenbacher G, et al. Gender identity reversal in an adolescent with mixed gonadal dysgenesis. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 1999;12:687
  19. Reiner WG. Case study: sex reassignment in a teenage girl. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;35:799
  20. Zucker KJ. Evaluation of sex- and gender-assignment decisions in patients with physical intersex conditions: a methodological and statistical note. J Sex Marital Ther. 2002;28:269
  21. Bem SL. Gender schema theory: a cognitive account of sex typing. Psychol Rev. 1981;88:354
  22. Kuczyńska A: Inwentarz do oceny plci psychoseksualnej. Warszawa, 1992
  23. Hornowski B: Badania nad rozwojem psychicznym dzieci i młodzieży na podstawie rysunku postaci ludzkiej. Ossolineum, Wrocław, 1982
  24. Zimmer H. Validity of sentence completion tests and human figure drawing. In:  Brown D,  Abt L editor. Progress in Clinical Psychology. Vol. II:New York: Grune and Stratton; 1956;p. 58–75
  25. Lew-Starowicz Z. Leczenie nerwic seksualnych. Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL. 1991;
  26. Exner JE. The Rorschach. A Comprehensive System. New York: Wiley; 1993;
  27. Lew-Starowicz Z. Metodologia pracy biegłego sądowego. Seksuologia sądowa. Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL. 2000;347–403
  28. Izdebski Z, Ostrowska A. Seks po polsku. Zachowania seksualne jako element stylu życia Polaków. Muza SA Warszawa. 2003;
  29. Meyer-Bahlburg HFL. Intersexuality and the diagnosis of gender identity disorder. Arch Sex Behav. 1994;23:21
  30. Meyer-Bahlburg HFL. Gender identity outcome in female-raised 46,XY persons with penile agenesis, cloacal exstrophy of the bladder, or penile ablation. Arch Sex Behav. 2005;34:423
  31. Reiner WG. Gender identity and sex-of-rearing in children with disorders of sexual differentiation. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2005;18:549
  32. Ahmed SF, Khwaja O, Hughes IA. The role of a clinical score in the assessment of ambiguous genitalia. BJU Int. 2000;85:120
  33. Nicolino M, Bendelac N, Jay N, et al. Clinical and biological assessments of the undervirilized male. BJU Int. 2004;93(Suppl 3):20
  34. Creighton SM, Liao L-M. Changing attitudes to sex assignment in intersex. BJU Int. 2004;93:659
  35. Mouriquand PDE. Possible determinants of sexual identity: how to make the least bad choice in children with ambiguous genitalia. BJU Int. 2004;93(Suppl 3):1
  36. Meyer-Bahlburg HFL, Migeon CJ, Berkovitz GD, et al. Attitudes of adult 46,XY intersex persons to clinical management policies. J Urol. 2004;171:1615
  37. Müller J, Ritzén EM, Ivarsson S-A, et al. Management of males with 45,X/46,XY gonadal dysgenesis. Horm Res. 1999;52:11
  38. Bubanj TB, Perovic SV, Milicevic RM, et al. Sexual behavior and sexual function of adults after hypospadias surgery: a comparative study. J Urol. 2004;171:1876
  39. Bouvattier C, Mignot B, Lefevre H, et al. Impaired sexual activity in male adults with partial androgen insensitivity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:3310
  40. Reiner WG. Mixed-method research for child outcomes in intersex conditions. BJU Int. 2004;93(Suppl 3):51
  41. Schober JM. Sexual quality of life in an intersexual population: a needs assessment. BJU Int. 2004;93(Suppl 3):54

PII: S1083-3188(07)00166-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2007.03.096

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Volume 20, Issue 6 , Pages 333-338 , December 2007

Article Tools