Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Volume 22, Issue 3 , Pages 169-172 , June 2009

Breast Disease in Children and Adolescents in Eastern Nigeria—a Five-Year Study

  • B.C. Ozumba, MBBS, FRCOG, FWACS, FMCOG

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiation Medicine, UNTH, Enugu, Nigeria
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: Professor B.C Ozumba, MBBS, Provost, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
    • ,
  • M.A. Nzegwu, MBBS, FMC Path, MWACP

      Affiliations

    • Department of Morbid Anatomy, UNTH, Enugu, Nigeria
    • ,
  • A. Anyikam, BSE, MPH

      Affiliations

    • School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA
    • ,
  • I. Okoye, MBBS, FMCR, FWACS

      Affiliations

    • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Nigeria
    • ,
  • O.C. Okafor, MBBS, DAP, FMC Path

      Affiliations

    • Department of Morbid Anatomy, UNTH, Enugu, Nigeria

References 

  1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 21 Critical Health Objectives for Adolescents and Young Adults. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/AdolescentHealth/NationalInitiative/pdf/21objectives.pdf. Accessed March 10, 2007
  2. US Census Bureau http://www.census.gov/cited on 03-10-2007.
  3. Shannon C, Smith IE. Breast cancer in adolescents and young women. Eur J Cancer. 2003;39:2632
  4. Johnson P. Breast lumps in the adolescent female. J Pediatr Health Care. 2002;16:43
  5. De Silva NK, Brandt ML. Disorders of the breast in children and adolescents, Part 1: Disorders of growth and infections of the breast. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2006;19:345
  6. Foxcroft LM, Evans EB, Hirst C, et al. Presentation and diagnosis of adolescent breast disease. Breast. 2001;10:399
  7. Schedin PJ, Byers T. Adolescent diet and the risk of breast cancer in adulthood: a role for vitamin A. Nutrition. 1997;13:924
  8. Nzegwu M, Adanna A, Daniel O, et al. An unusually early age of presentation of Phylloides tumour in Eastern Nigeria. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2008;17:312
  9. Anyikam A, Nzegwu MA, Ozumba BC, et al. Benign breast lesions in Eastern Nigeria. Saudi Med J. 2008;29:241
  10. El-Tahmer MB, Song M, Wait RB. Breast masses in African American teenage girls. J Pediatr Surg. 1999;34:1401
  11. Rogerson T, Ingram D, Sterrett G, et al. Areolar discharge and peri-areolar breast cysts in adolescent females. Breast. 2002;11:181
  12. Onuigbo W. Breast fibroadenoma in teenage girls. Turkish J Pediatr. 2003;45:326
  13. Lester SC: The breast. In: Pathologic Basis of Disease, (7th ed.). Edited by Cotran RS, Kumar V, Collins T, et al. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, pp 1119-1154
  14. Nzegwu MA, Anyikam A, Ozumba BC, et al. Malignant breast lesions in Eastern Nigeria. Saudi Med J. 2008;29:778

PII: S1083-3188(08)00324-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2008.10.007

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Volume 22, Issue 3 , Pages 169-172 , June 2009

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