Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Volume 23, Issue 3 , Pages 172-178 , June 2010

Postpartum Depression and Adolescent Mothers: A Review of Assessment and Treatment Approaches

  • John A. Yozwiak, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence to: John A. Yozwiak, PhD, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 740 S. Limestone, Kentucky Clinic, J413, Lexington, KY 40536

References 

  1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994;
  2. Cooper PJ, Campbell EA, Day A, et al. Non-psychotic psychiatric disorder after childbirth. A prospective study of prevalence, incidence, course and nature. Br J Psychiatry. 1988;152:799
  3. Cox JL, Murray D, Chapman G. A controlled study of the onset, duration and prevalence of postnatal depression. Br J Psychiatry. 1993;163:27
  4. O'Hara MW, Swain AM. Rates and risk of postpartum depression–a meta-analysis. Int Rev Psychiatry. 1996;8:37
  5. Barnet B, Joffe A, Duggan AK, et al. Depressive symptoms, stress, and social support in pregnant and postpartum adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150:64
  6. Chen CH. Postpartum depression among adolescent mothers and adult mothers. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 1996;12:104
  7. Deal LW, Holt VL. Young maternal age and depressive symptoms: results from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey. Am J Public Health. 1998;88:266
  8. Figueiredo B, Pacheco A, Costa R. Depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period in adolescent and adult Portuguese mothers. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2007;10:103
  9. Miller L. Depression among pregnant adolescents. Psychiatr Serv. 1998;49:970
  10. Schmidt RM, Wiemann CM, Rickert VI, et al. Moderate to severe depressive symptoms among adolescent mothers followed four years postpartum. J Adolesc Health. 2006;38:712
  11. Passino AW, Whitman TL, Borkowski JG, et al. Personal adjustment during pregnancy and adolescent parenting. Adolescence. 1993;28:97
  12. Beck CT. Predictors of postpartum depression: An update. Nurs Res. 2001;50:275
  13. Birkeland R, Thompson JK, Phares V. Adolescent motherhood and postpartum depression. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2005;34:292
  14. Reid V, Meadows-Oliver M. Postpartum depression in adolescent mothers: an integrative review of the literature. J Pediatr Health Care. 2007;21:289
  15. Szigethy EM, Ruiz P. Depression among pregnant adolescents: an integrated treatment approach. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158:22
  16. Halligan SL, Murray L, Martins C, et al. Maternal depression and psychiatric outcomes in adolescent offspring: a 13-year longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 2007;97:145
  17. Coyl DD, Roggman LA, Newland LA. Stress, maternal depression, and negative mother-infant interactions in relation to infant attachment. Infant Ment Health J. 2002;23:145
  18. Murray L. The impact of postnatal depression on infant development. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1992;33:543
  19. Righetti-Veltema M, Conne-Perreard E, Bousquet A, et al. Postpartum depression and mother-infant relationship at 3 months old. J Affect Disord. 2002;70:291
  20. Gelfand DM, Teti DM. The effects of maternal depression on children. Clin Psychol Rev. 1990;10:329
  21. Beck CT. Maternal depression and child behaviour problems: A meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs. 1999;29:623
  22. Field T. Infants of depressed mothers. Dev Psychopathol. 1992;4:49
  23. Cogill SR, Caplan HL, Alexandra H, et al. Impact of maternal postnatal depression on cognitive development of young children. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;292:1165
  24. Hay DF, Pawlby S, Sharp D, et al. Intellectual problems shown by 11-year-old children whose mothers had postnatal depression. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2001;42:871
  25. Hodgkinson SC, Colantuoni E, Roberts D, et al. Depressive symptoms and birth outcomes among pregnant teenagers. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2009;
  26. Panzarine S, Slater E, Sharps P. Coping, social support, and depressive symptoms in adolescent mothers. J Adolesc Health. 1995;17:113
  27. Colletta ND. At risk for depression: a study of young mothers. J Genet Psychol. 1983;142:301
  28. Leadbeater B, Bishop B, Raver S. Quality of mother-toddler interactions, maternal depressive symptoms, and behavior problems in preschoolers of adolescent mothers. Dev Psychol. 1996;32:280
  29. Beck CT. The effects of postpartum depression on maternal-infant interaction: A meta-analysis. Nurs Res. 1995;44:298
  30. Murray L, Cooper PJ. Postpartum depression and child development. Psychol Med. 1997;27:253
  31. Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987;150:782
  32. Logsdon MC, Hutti MH. Readability: an important issue impacting healthcare for women with postpartum depression. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2006;31:350
  33. Dennis CL. Can we identify mothers at risk for postpartum depression in the immediate postpartum period using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale?. J Affect Disord. 2004;78:163
  34. Troutman BR, Cutrona CE. Nonpsychotic postpartum depression among adolescent mothers. J Abnorm Psychol. 1990;99:69
  35. Beck CT, Gable RK. Postpartum Depression Screening Scale: development and psychometric testing. Nurs Res. 2000;49:272
  36. Rychnovsky JD, Brady MA. Choosing a postpartum depression screening instrument for your pediatric practice. J Pediatr Health Care. 2008;22:64
  37. Beck CT, Gable RK. Further validation of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale. Nurs Res. 2001;50:155
  38. Beck AT, Steer RA, Brown GK. Beck Depression Inventory II Manual. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation; 1996;
  39. DeRosa N, Logsdon MC. A comparison of screening instruments for depression in postpartum adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs. 2006;19:13
  40. Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1:385
  41. Holden JM, Sagovsky R, Cox JL. Counselling in a general practice setting: controlled study of health visitor intervention in treatment of postnatal depression. BMJ. 1989;298:223
  42. Cooper PJ, Murray L, Wilson A, et al. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression. I. Impact on maternal mood. Br J Psychiatry. 2003;182:412
  43. O'Hara MW, Stuart S, Gorman LL, et al. Efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for postpartum depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000;57:1039
  44. Miller L, Gur M, Shanok A, et al. Interpersonal psychotherapy with pregnant adolescents: two pilot studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008;49:733
  45. Chabrol H, Teissedre F, Saint-Jean M, et al. Prevention and treatment of post-partum depression: A controlled randomized study on women at risk. Psychol Med. 2002;32:1039
  46. Lewinsohn PM, Clarke GN. Psychosocial treatments for adolescent depression. Clin Psychol Rev. 1999;19:329
  47. Appleby L, Warner R, Whitton A, et al. A controlled study of fluoxetine and cognitive-behavioural counselling in the treatment of postnatal depression. BMJ. 1997;314:932
  48. Highet N, Drummond P. A comparative evaluation of community treatments for post-partum depression: implications for treatment and management practices. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2004;38:212
  49. Murray L, Cooper PJ, Wilson A, et al. Controlled trial of the short- and long-term effect of psychological treatment of post-partum depression: 2. Impact on the mother-child relationship and child outcome. Br J Psychiatry. 2003;182:420
  50. Clark R, Tluczek A, Wenzel A. Psychotherapy for postpartum depression: A preliminary report. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2003;73:441
  51. Daley AJ, Macarthur C, Winter H. The role of exercise in treating postpartum depression: A review of the literature. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2007;52:56
  52. Logsdon MC, Birkimer JC, Ratterman A, et al. Social support in pregnant and parenting adolescents: research, critique, and recommendations. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs. 2002;15:75
  53. Stevenson W, Maton KI, Teti DM. Social support, relationship quality, and well-being among pregnant adolescents. J Adolesc. 1999;22:109
  54. Logsdon MC, Birkimer JC, Simpson T, et al. Postpartum depression and social support in adolescents. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2005;34:46

PII: S1083-3188(09)00304-0

doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2009.09.003

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Volume 23, Issue 3 , Pages 172-178 , June 2010