Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Volume 23, Issue 5 , Pages 305-311 , October 2010

Establishment of Normative Data for the Amount of Breast Tissue Present in Healthy Children up to Two Years of Age

References 

  1. Stoll B. The newborn. In:  Kliegman RM,  Behrman RE,  Jenson HB,  Stanton BF editor. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2007;p. 675–682
  2. Seashore JH. Breast enlargements in infants and children. Pediatr Ann. 1975;4:542
  3. McKiernan J, Coyne J, Calahane S. Histology of breast development in early life. Arch Dis Child. 1988;63:136
  4. McKiernan J, Hull D. Breast development in the newborn. Arch Dis Child. 1981;56:525
  5. McKiernan J, Hull D. Prolactin, maternal oestrogens, and breast development in the newborn. Arch Dis Child. 1981;56:770
  6. McKiernan J. Postnatal breast development of preterm infants. An index of gonadal function. Arch Dis Child. 1984;59:1090
  7. Schmidt I, Chellakooty M, Haavisto A, et al. Gender difference in breast tissue size in infancy: correlation with serum estradiol. Pediatr Res. 2002;52:682
  8. Capraro VJ, Dewhurst CJ. Breast disorders in childhood and adolescence. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1975;18:25
  9. O'Brien PC, Dyck PJ. Procedures for setting normal values. Neurology. 1995;45:17
  10. Nachtigall C. Verlaufsbeobachtungen uber die Physiologische Brustdrusenschwellung der Neugeborenen. Monatsschr Kindreheilkd. 1965;113:497
  11. Traggiai C, Stanhope R. Disorders of pubertal development. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2003;17:41
  12. Van Winter JT, Noller KL, Zimmerman D, et al. Natural history of premature thelarche in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1940 to 1984. J Pediatr. 1990;116:278
  13. Ilicki A, Prager Lewin RP, Kauli R, et al. Premature thelarche–natural history and sex hormone secretion in 68 girls. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1984;73:756
  14. Shulman D. Isosexual precocious puberty. Pediatrician. 1987;14:261
  15. Mansfield J. Precocious puberty. In:  Emans SJ,  Laufer MR,  Goldstein DP editor. Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005;p. 156–180
  16. Francis GL, Hoffman WH, Gala RR, et al. A relationship between neonatal breast size and cord blood testosterone level. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1990;20:239
  17. Andersson A, Toppari J, Haavisto A, et al. Longitudinal reproductive hormone profiles in infants: peak of inhibin B levels in infant boys exceeds levels in adult men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:675
  18. Chellakooty M, Schmidt IM, Haavisto AM, et al. Inhibin A, inhibin B, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin levels in 473 healthy infant girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:3515
  19. Bidlingmaier F, Knorr D. Oestrogens. Physiological and clinical aspects. In:  Laron Z,  Tikva P editor. Paediatric & Adolescent Endocrinology (Vol. 4). Karger: Basel; 1978;p. 43–48
  20. Keitel H, Chu E. Breast nodule in premature infant. Amer J Dis Child. 1965;109:121
  21. Trotter A, Maier L, Kohn T, et al. Growth of the uterus and mammary glands and vaginal cytologic features in extremely premature infants with postnatal replacement of estradiol and progesterone. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2002;186:184
  22. Wilkinson A, Charlton V, Phibbs R, Amiel-Tison C : Examination of the newborn infant. Bland R: The newborn infant. In: Rudolph's Pediatrics, (21st ed.). Edited by AM Rudolph, CR Rudolph. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2003, p 83–97

PII: S1083-3188(10)00114-2

doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2010.03.002

Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Volume 23, Issue 5 , Pages 305-311 , October 2010