Gestational Diabetes and Gestational Impaired Glucose Tolerance in 1653 Teenage Pregnancies: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Pregnancy Outcomes

Karcaaltincaba, Deniz; Buyukkaragoz, Bahar; Kandemir, Omer; Yalvac, Serdar; Kıykac-Altınbaş, Sadiman; Haberal, Ali

doi:10.1016/j.jpag.2010.07.003

« Previous Next »Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology
Volume 24, Issue 2 , Pages 62-65, April 2011

Gestational Diabetes and Gestational Impaired Glucose Tolerance in 1653 Teenage Pregnancies: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Pregnancy Outcomes

Deniz Karcaaltincaba, MD
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women’s Hospital, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
- Address correspondence to: Deniz Karcaaltincaba, MD, Sedat Simavi 5.sok, Aykon sitesi B-35, Ankara 06550, Turkey.
Bahar Buyukkaragoz, MD
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
Omer Kandemir, MD
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women’s Hospital, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
Serdar Yalvac, MD
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women’s Hospital, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
Sadiman Kıykac-Altınbaş, MD
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women’s Hospital, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
Ali Haberal, MD
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanim Women’s Hospital, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

published online 16 August 2010.

Abstract

Study Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) in adolescent pregnancies, associated risk factors, and pregnancy complications.

Design

Retrospective study.

Settings

Community-based teaching hospital.

Participants

Results of 1653 pregnant women age ≤ 19 years in 2005–2007 were reviewed.

Intervention

All pregnant women screened with 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) and patients with a GCT result ≥140 mg/dl underwent a 3-hour 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Main Outcome Measures

GDM was diagnosed with at least two abnormal results and GIGT was diagnosed with one abnormal result. GDM and GIGT cases were evaluated for the presence of any associated risk factors and effects of presence of risk factors on pregnancy outcomes.

Results

The prevalence of GDM was 0.85% (95% CI, 0.41–1.29), GIGT was 0.5% (95% CI, 0.15–0.81) and GDM+GIGT was 1.35% (95% CI, 0.78–1.88) by Carpenter and Coustan criteria. 68% of patients had at least one of the risk factors including body mass index ≥ 25, family history of diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Only 9.1% (n = 2) of them required insulin for glucose regulation during pregnancy with 9.1% (n = 2) macrosomia rate. All patients were primiparous and cesarean delivery rate was 27.3% (n = 6). We could not find any effect of presence of risk factors on pregnancy outcomes in GDM and GIGT cases.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that GDM and GIGT are strongly associated with high BMI before pregnancy, PCOS, and family history of diabetes. Since GDM is a state of prediabetes, it is important to diagnose in adolescent pregnancies considering their life expectancy to take preventive measures to avoid diabetes mellitus.

Key Words: Teenage pregnancy, Gestational diabetes, Gestational impaired glucose tolerance, Prevalence, Risk factors