Primary dysmenorrhea and the adolescent patient

References

1. • Andersch B
   • Milson I
   An epidemiologic study of young women with dysmenorrhea.
   Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982; 144: 655
   • Google Scholar
2. • Svanborg L
   • Ulmsten U
   The incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in teenagers.
   Arch Gynecol. 1981; 230: 173
   • Google Scholar
3. Mish FC Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, Massachusetts1986
   • Google Scholar
4. • Schatz F
   Beiträge zur physiologischen geburtskunde.
   Arch Gynakol. 1872; 3: 58
   • Google Scholar
5. • Schatz F
   Beiträge zur physiologischen geburtskunde.
   Arch Gynakol. 1872; 4: 34
   • Google Scholar
6. • Schatz F
   Beiträge zur physiologischen geburtskunde.
   Arch Gynakol. 1872; 4: 193
   • Google Scholar
7. • Schatz F
   Beiträge zur physiologischen geburtskunde.
   Arch Gynakol. 1872; 4: 418
   • Google Scholar
8. • Rucker MP
   Contractions of a non-pregnant multiparous human uterus.
   Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1925; 9: 255
   • Google Scholar
9. • Novac E
   • Reynolds SRM
   The cause of primary dysmenorrhea.
   JAMA. 1932; 99: 1466
   • Google Scholar
10. • Krohn L
    • Lackner JE
    • Soskin S
    The effect of the ovarian hormones on the human (nonpuerperal) uterus.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1937; 34: 379
    • Google Scholar
11. • Jacobson E
    • Lackner JE
    • Sinykin MB
    Electrical and mechanical activity of the human non-pregnant uterus.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1939; 38: 1008
    • Google Scholar
12. • Jacobson E
    • Lackner JE
    • Sinykin MB
    Activity of the human non-pregnant uterus.
    Am J Physiol. 1940; 53: 407
    • Google Scholar
13. • Wilson L
    • Kurzrok R
    Studies on the motility of the human uterus in vivo.
    Endocrinology. 1938; 23: 79
    • Google Scholar
14. • Wilson L
    • Kurzrok R
    Uterine contractility in functional dysmenorrhea.
    Endocrinology. 1940; 27: 23
    • Google Scholar
15. • Liessé A
    L’Activité électrique de l’uterus dans la dysmenorrhee functionnelle.
    Gynecol et Obstet. 1948; 47: 850
    • Google Scholar
16. • Woodbury RA
    • Torpin R
    • Child GP
    • et al.
    Myometrial physiology and its relation to pelvic pain.
    JAMA. 1947; 134: 1081
    • Google Scholar
17. • Hendricks CH
    Inherent motility patterns and response characteristics on the nonpregnant human uterus.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1966; 96: 824
    • Google Scholar
18. • Filler WW
    • Hall WC
    Dysmenorrhea and its therapy: A uterine contractility study.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1970; 106: 104
    • Google Scholar
19. • Macht DI
    • Lubin DS
    A phyto-pharmacological study of menstrual toxin.
    J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1924; 22: 413
    • Google Scholar
20. • Schick B
    Menstrual toxins.
    Wein Klin Wochenschr. 1920; 33: 356
    • Google Scholar
21. • Pickles VR
    A plain muscle stimulant in the menstrual fluid.
    Nature. 1957; 180: 1198
    • Google Scholar
22. • Chambers PL
    • Pickles VR
    Plain-muscle stimulants in extracts of menstrual fluid and of endometrial curettings.
    J Physiol. 1958; 144: 68
    • Google Scholar
23. • Pickles VR
    Some evidence that the endometrium produces a hormone that stimulates plain muscle.
    J Endocrinol. 1959; 18: 1
    • Google Scholar
24. • Pickles VR
    Myometrial responses to the plain-muscle stimulant.
    J Endocrinol. 1959; 19: 150
    • Google Scholar
25. • Chambers PL
    Further studies on the plain muscle stimulant present in human endometrium.
    J Endocrinol. 1960; 20: 6
    • Google Scholar
26. • Clitheroe HJ
    • Pickles VR
    The separation of the smooth-muscle stimulants in menstrual fluid.
    J Physiol. 1961; 156: 225
    • Google Scholar
27. • Pickles VR
    • Hall WJ
    Some physiological properties of the 'menstrual stimulant' substances Al and A2.
    J Reprod Fertil. 1963; 6: 315
    • Google Scholar
28. • Eglinton G
    • Raphael RA
    • Smith GN
    • et al.
    The isolation and identification of two smooth muscle stimulants from menstrual fluid.
    Nature. 1963; 200: 960
    • Google Scholar
29. • Eglinton G
    • Raphael RA
    • Smith GN
    • et al.
    The isolation and identification of two smooth muscle stimulants from menstrual fluid.
    Nature. 1963; 200: 993
    • Google Scholar
30. • Pickels VR
    • Hall WJ
    • Best FA
    • et al.
    Prostaglandins in endometrium and menstrual fluid from normal and dysmenorrheic subjects.
    J Obstet Gynaecol Br Comm. 1965; 72: 185
    • Google Scholar
31. • Roth-Brandel U
    • Bygdman M
    • Wiqvist N
    Effect of intravenous administration of prostaglandin El and F2a on the contractility of the non-pregnant women uterus in vivo.
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1970; 49: 19
    • Google Scholar
32. • Pickles VR
    Prostaglandins in the human endometrium.
    Int J Fertil. 1967; 12: 335
    • Google Scholar
33. • Moawad AH
    • Bengtsson LP
    In vivo studies of the motility patterns of the non-pregnant human uterus. II The effect of oestrogen on myometrial activity.
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1968; 47: 225
    • Google Scholar
34. • Moawad AH
    • Bengtsson LP
    In vivo studies of the motility pattern of the nonpregnant human uterus.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1968; 101: 473
    • Google Scholar
35. • Mayer E
    The intranasal treatment of dysmenorrhea. With a report of ninety-three cases.
    JAMA. 1914; 62: 6
    • Google Scholar
36. • Miller NF
    • Berkman SJ
    Dysmenorrhea.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1953; 65: 505
    • Google Scholar
37. • Cotte G
    La sympathectomie hypogastrique: A-t-elle sa place dans latherapeutique gynécologique?.
    Presse Med. 1925; 33: 98
    • Google Scholar
38. • Black Jr, WT
    Use of presacral sympathectomy in the treatment of dysmenorrhea: A second look after twenty-five years.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1964; 89: 16
    • Google Scholar
39. • Hayden GE
    Relief of primary dysmenorrhea.
    Obstet Gynecol. 1960; 16: 730
    • Google Scholar
40. • Schuck F
    Pain and pain relief in essential dysmenorrhea.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1951; 62: 559
    • Google Scholar
41. • Voulgaris DM
    Dysmenorrhea. Treatment with Isoxsuprine.
    Obstet Gynecol. 1960; 15: 220
    • Google Scholar
42. • Champlin WD
    • Corbit JP
    Chlorpromazine and chlorpromazine combinations in the treatment of dysmenorrhea.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1957; 74: 419
    • Google Scholar
43. • Filler W
    The treatment of dysmenorrhea. With special reference to the primary type.
    Med Clin North Am. 1951; 35: 861
    • Google Scholar
44. • Menaker JS
    • Powers KD
    Management of primary dysmenorrhea.
    Obstet Gynecol. 1962; 20: 66
    • Google Scholar
45. • Molla LA
    • Donald JF
    A comparative study of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol in primary dysmenorrhea.
    J Int Med Res. 1974; 2: 395
    • Google Scholar
46. • Halbert DR
    • Demers LM
    A clinical trial of indomethacin and ibuprofen in dysmenorrhea.
    J Reprod Med. 1978; 21: 219
    • Google Scholar
47. • Corson SL
    • Bolognese RJ
    Ibuprofen therapy for dysmenorrhea.
    J Reprod Med. 1978; 20: 246
    • Google Scholar
48. • Chan WY
    • Dawood MY
    • Fuchs F
    Relief of dysmenorrhea with the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor ibuprofen: Effect on prostaglandin levels in menstrual fluid.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1979; 135: 102
    • Google Scholar
49. • Henzl MR
    • Buttram V
    • Segre EJ
    • et al.
    The treatment of dysmenorrhea with naproxen sodium.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1977; 127: 818
    • Google Scholar
50. • Lundstrom V
    Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors—A promising therapeutic alternative.
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1978; 57: 421
    • Google Scholar
51. • Hanson FW
    • Izu A
    • Henzl MR
    Naproxen sodium in dysmenorrhea.
    Obstet Gynecol. 1978; 52: 583
    • Google Scholar
52. • Massey SE
    • Varady JC
    • Henzl MR
    Pain relief with naproxen following insertion of an intrauterine device.
    J Reprod Med. 1974; 13: 226
    • Google Scholar
53. • Buttram V
    • Izu A
    • Henzl MR
    Naproxen sodium in uterine pain following intrauterine contraceptive device insertion.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1979; 134: 575
    • Google Scholar
54. • Collier HOJ
    • Sweatmon WJF
    Antagonism by fena-mates of prostaglandin F2a and of slow reacting substance on human bronchial muscle.
    Nature. 1968; 219: 864
    • Google Scholar
55. • Vane JR
    Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs.
    Nature New Biol. 1971; 231: 232
    • Google Scholar
56. • Lindner HR
    • et al.
    Use of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in analyzing the role of prostaglandins in reproductive physiology.
    in: Robinson HJ Vane JR Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitors. Raven Press, New York1974: 271-287
    • Google Scholar
57. • Tolman EL
    • Partridge R
    Multiple sites of interaction between prostaglandins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.
    Prostaglandins. 1975; 9: 349
    • Google Scholar
58. • Ferreira SH
    • Vane JR
    Ramwell PW Pharriss BB Aspirin and prostaglandins. Prostaglandins in Cellular Biology. Plenum Press, New York1972: 1-47
    • Google Scholar
59. • Ferreira SH
    • Vane JR
    New aspects of the mode of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
    Ann Rev Pharmacol. 1973; 14: 57
    • Google Scholar
60. • Schwartz A
    • Zor U
    • Lindner HR
    • et al.
    Primary dysmenorrhea. Alleviation by an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis and action.
    Obstet Gynecol. 1974; 44: 709
    • Google Scholar
61. • Anderson ABM
    • Haynes PJ
    • Fraser IS
    • et al.
    Trial of prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitors in primary dysmenorrhea.
    Lancet. 1978; 1: 345
    • Google Scholar
62. • Kapadia L
    • Elder MG
    Flufenamic acid in treatment of primary spasmodic dysmenorrhea.
    Lancet. 1978; 1: 348
    • Google Scholar
63. • Budoff PW
    Use of Mefenamic acid in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
    JAMA. 1979; 241: 2713
    • Google Scholar
64. • Powell JR
    • Smith RP
    Mefenamic acid (Ponstel) for treating primary spasmodic dysmenorrhea.
    Curr Ther Res. 1981; 29: 544
    • Google Scholar
65. • Roy S
    A double-blind comparison of a propionic acid derivative (Ibuprofen) and a fenamate (Mefenamic acid) in the treatment of dysmenorrhea.
    Obstet Gynecol. 1983; 61: 628
    • Google Scholar
66. • Smith RP
    • Powell JR
    Simultaneous objective and subjective evaluation of meclofenamate sodium in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987; 157: 611
    • Google Scholar
67. • Smith RP
    The dynamics of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy for primary dysmenorrhea.
    Obstet Gynecol. 1987; 70: 785
    • Google Scholar
68. • Boctor AM
    • Eickholt M
    • Pugsley TA
    Meclofenamate sodium is an inhibitor of both the 5-Lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways of the arachidonic acid cascade In Vitro.
    Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes Med. 1986; 23: 229
    • Google Scholar
69. • Myers RF
    • Siegel MI
    Differential effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities of neutrophils from a reverse passive Arthus reaction.
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983; 112: 586
    • Google Scholar
70. • Casey FB
    • Appleby BJ
    • Buck DC
    Selective inhibition of the lipoxygenase metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid by the SRA-A antagonist, FPL 55712.
    Prostaglandins. 1983; 25: 1
    • Google Scholar
71. • Jacobson J
    • Cavalli-Bjorkman K
    • Lundstrom V
    • et al.
    Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and dysmenorrhea.
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1979; 87: 73
    • Google Scholar
72. • Dingfelder JR
    Primary dysmenorrhea treatment with prostaglandin inhibitors: A review.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981; 140: 874
    • Google Scholar
73. • Owen PR
    Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984; 148: 96
    • Google Scholar
74. • Tolman EL
    • McGuire JL
    • Rosenthale ME
    Pharmacology of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their use in dysmenorrhea.
    in: Dawood MY McGuire JL Demers LM Premenstrual Syndrome and Dysmenorrhea. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Baltimore1984: 159-176
    • Google Scholar
75. • Prendergast BD
    Primary dysmenorrhea.
    US Pharm. 1984; 41
    • Google Scholar
76. • Csapo AI
    • Pulkkinen MO
    • Henzl MR
    The effect of naproxen sodium on the intrauterine pressure and menstrual pain of dysmenorrhea patients.
    Prostaglandins. 1977; 13: 193
    • Google Scholar
77. • Pulkkinen MO
    • Csapo AI
    The effect of ibuprofen on the intrauterine pressure and menstrual pain of dysmenorrhea patients.
    Prostaglandins. 1978; 15: 1055
    • Google Scholar
78. • Henzl MR
    • Ortega-Herrera E
    • Rodriques C
    • et al.
    Anaprox in dysmenorrhea: Reduction of pain and intrauterine pressure.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1979; 135: 455
    • Google Scholar
79. • Lundstrom V
    • Green K
    • Svanborg K
    Endogenous prostaglandins in dysmenorrhea and the effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (PGSI) on uterine contractility.
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1979; 87: 51
    • Google Scholar
80. • Pulkkinen MO
    Relief of menstrual discomfort and dysmenorrhea and simultaneous suppression of uterine activity by isoxepac.
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1980; 59: 367
    • Google Scholar
81. • Forman A
    • Andersson K-E
    • Ulmsten U
    Combined effects of diflunisal and nifedipine on uterine contractions in dysmenorrhea patients.
    Prostaglandins. 1982; 23: 237
    • Google Scholar
82. • Smith RP
    • Powell JR
    Intrauterine pressure changes during mefenamic acid treatment of primary spasmodic dysmenorrhea.
    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1982; 143: 286
    • Google Scholar
83. • Smith RP
    Anti-prostaglandin therapy for primary spasmodic dysmenorrhea.
    Today's Ther Trends. 1983; 1: 17
    • Google Scholar
84. • Kajanoja P
    • Vesanto T
    Naproxen and indomethacin in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1979; 87: 87
    • Google Scholar
85. • Kauppila A
    • Puolakka J
    • Ylikorkala O
    • et al.
    The relief of primary dysmenorrhea by ketoprofen and indomethacin.
    Prostaglandins. 1979; 18: 647
    • Google Scholar