Abstract
Study Objective
Dietary patterns are important for the physical and psychological development of adolescent
girls. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between dietary
patterns and depression in this population.
Design, Setting, and Population
We conducted a case-control study in a tertiary university hospital of 849 girls aged
12 to 18 years.
Methods
The study was conducted from April 2011 to December 2012. Participants were identified
as having depression if they had scores greater than 16 on the Korean version of the
Beck Depression Inventory. Data were obtained using validated Korean-language questionnaires.
Main Outcome Measures
The subjects' usual dietary patterns during the past 12 months were assessed using
the Food Frequency Questionnaire published by the Korean Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey.
Results
Among the 849 enrolled volunteers, 116 were identified as having depressive symptoms.
The mean age of the participants was 15.0 ± 1.5 years. The prevalence of girls diagnosed
with depression was 13.6%. Multivariate adjusted regression analysis demonstrated
that the risk of depression was significantly positively associated with the consumption
of instant and processed foods and negatively associated with the intake of green
vegetables and 1 to 3 servings/day of fruits, after adjusting for energy intake and
menstrual regularity. Additionally, depression was negatively associated with intake
of fiber, β-carotene, vitamin B6, vitamin E, vitamin C, potassium, zinc, folate, iron, and copper after adjusting for
confounding variables.
Conclusion
Consumption of fast foods including ramen noodles, hamburger, pizza, fried food, and
other processed foods was associated with increased risk of depression in adolescent
girls. Thus, caution is required regarding dietary choices in this population.
Key Words
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologyAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- The adolescent brain and age-related behavioral manifestations.Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000; 24: 417
- Trajectories of brain development: point of vulnerability or window of opportunity?.Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2003; 27: 3
- Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005; 62: 593
- Major depressive disorder in older adolescents: prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications.Clin Psychol Rev. 1998; 18: 765
- Suicide in young people aged 15-24: a psychological autopsy study.J Affect Disord. 2001; 63: 159
- Suicide ideation: its relation to depression, suicide and suicide attempt.Suicide Life Threat Behav. 1979; 9: 205
- Annual report on the cause of death statistics in 2011. Statistics Korea, nationwide, Daejeon2012
- Depression in women: implications for health care research.Science. 1995; 269: 799
- The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence.Psychol Bull. 1994; 115: 424
- Associations between diet quality and depressed mood in adolescents: results from the Australian Healthy Neighbourhoods Study.Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010; 44: 435
- Is there any relationship between dietary patterns and depression and anxiety in Chinese adolescents?.Public Health Nutr. 2012; 15: 673
- Association of adolescent risk behaviors with mental health symptoms in high school students.J Adolesc Health. 2002; 31: 240
- Depressive symptoms and adolescent eating and health behaviors: a multifaceted view in a population-based sample.Prev Med. 2004; 38: 865
- A study of the reliability and the validity of the BDI, SDS, and MMPI-D scales.Korean J Clin Psychol. 1991; 10: 98
- Properties of the Beck Depression Inventory as a screening instrument for adolescent depression.J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1988; 16: 263
- Development of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Korean J Nutr. 2013; 46: 186
- Defining and labelling ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ food.Public Health Nutr. 2009; 12: 331
- A high-fat, refined sugar diet reduces hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal plasticity, and learning.Neuroscience. 2002; 112: 803
- Can low brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels be a marker of the presence of depression in obese women?.Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2014; 10: 2079
- Decreased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in major depressed patients.Psychiatry Res. 2002; 109: 143
- Association of decreased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in early pregnancy with antepartum depression.BMC Psychiatry. 2015; 15: 43
- Plasma brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and response to ketamine in treatment-resistant depression.Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014; 17: 331
- Depression among adults with diabetes in Jordan: risk factors and relationship to blood sugar control.J Diabet Complications. 2011; 25: 247
- A cross-national relationship between sugar consumption and major depression?.Depress Anxiety. 2002; 16: 118
- Trans fatty acids, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.Nutr Rev. 2006; 64: 364
- Dietary fat intake and the risk of depression: the SUN Project.PLoS One. 2011; 6: e16268
- Health benefits of fruits and vegetables.Adv Nutr. 2012; 3: 506
- Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds.J Agric Food Chem. 1999; 47: 3954
- Efficacy of dietary antioxidants to prevent oxidative damage and inhibit chronic disease.J Nutr. 2004; 134: 3196S
- The role of oxidative stress in depressive disorders.Curr Pharm Des. 2012; 18: 5890
- Impact of dietary folate intake on depressive symptoms in young women of reproductive age.J Midwifery Womens Health. 2012; 57: 43
- Homocysteine and folate metabolism in depression.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2005; 29: 1103
- Influence of B vitamins on binding properties of serotonin receptors in the CNS of rats.Klin Wochenschr. 1990; 68: 142
- Zinc: the brain's dark horse.Synapse. 2009; 63: 1029
- Low dietary or supplemental zinc is associated with depression symptoms among women, but not men, in a population-based epidemiological survey.J Affect Disord. 2012; 136: 781
- Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition.Nutrition. 2002; 18: 872
- Dietary intake of magnesium may modulate depression.Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013; 151: 324
- Maternal iron deficiency anemia affects postpartum emotions and cognition.J Nutr. 2005; 135: 267
- Korean depression genetics studies.Public Health Wkly Rep. 2012; 5: 19
Article info
Publication history
Published online: April 20, 2015
Footnotes
This research was supported by the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund (Soonchunhyang University Support Fund Project No. 20130618) and by the Dalim Biotec. The authors indicate no conflicts of interest.
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
