Abstract
Study Objective
To investigate the relationships between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and lifestyle,
sleep, and dietary habits among Japanese high school students.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting
Two public high schools in Sendai, the largest city in northeastern Japan.
Participants
A school-based survey was conducted among 1818 female Japanese high school students
in 2015, and 1022 students with regular menstrual cycles (25-38 days) completed the
questionnaire.
Interventions and Main Outcome Measures
Relationships between PMS and lifestyle, sleep, and dietary habits.
Results
The rates of moderate to severe PMS and premenstrual dysphoric disorder were 9.7%
(99/1022) and 2.2% (22/1022), respectively. A total of 121 students (11.9%) were classified
as having PMS—the PMS(+) group. Significant differences were observed between the
PMS(+) group and those without PMS—the PMS(−) group—in age at menarche (P = .022), menstrual pain (P < .001), hypnagogic disorder (P < .001), long Internet use time (P < .001), eating breakfast (P = .018), chewing well (P = .037), and belonging to a sports club (P = .046). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for PMS were menstrual
pain (odds ratio [OR], 4.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.83-7.95), hypnagogic
disorder (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.47-3.35), stress fracture (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.21-3.98),
and Internet use time (OR, 1.003; 95% CI, 1.001-1.005). Belonging to a sports club
decreased the risk of PMS (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.35-0.91).
Conclusion
Sleep, dietary habits, belonging to a sports club, and screen time affect PMS among
high school students.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: September 10, 2019
Footnotes
The authors indicate no conflicts of interest.
Identification
Copyright
© 2019 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc.
